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Species at risk
American Plaice
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American Plaice, found on both sides of the North Atlantic, inhabit areas from southern Greenland and Newfoundland and Labrador to New England. They are recognized for their distinctive flat, oval-shaped bodies, marked with straight lateral lines, and inhabit deep water regions, particularly on continental shelves.
Population
The population has declined drastically since the 1970s, with particular stocks experiencing declines of 94-96% over 28-47 years. Despite minor recoveries, populations remain below acceptable biomass thresholds.
Diet
Juvenile American Plaice feed on a variety of zooplankton, while adults, being opportunistic feeders, consume aquatic insects, fish, crustaceans, and worms, depending on their habitat.
Scientific Name
Hippoglossoides platessoides
Conservation Status
American Plaice populations have seen severe declines in abundance across Canadian Northwest Atlantic areas due to overfishing and possibly cold water conditions. While both maritime and Atlantic populations of the species have been assessed as Threatened by COSEWIC, it is not yet listed under the Species At Risk Act (SARA).
Size
Typically around 30 centimeters, although they can grow as large as 50 centimeters. Females generally have a longer lifespan, living 17-20 years.
Habitat & Range
In Canadian waters, American Plaice is found from Georges Bank and the Bay of Fundy, across the Scotian Shelf, into the Gulf of St. Lawrence, around Newfoundland and Labrador, and along the eastern coast of Baffin Island, Nunavut. They prefer colder waters, with temperatures ranging from about -1.5°C to above 5°C.
american plaice in Newfoundland & Labrador
In Newfoundland and Labrador, the American Plaice has historically been part of the region’s rich fishing culture. This species, often found in the cold, nutrient-rich waters surrounding the province, contributed to the local economy and was a staple in the diets of coastal communities. The traditional fishing methods and the subsequent introduction of more industrial fishing techniques, such as bottom trawling, reflect the changes and challenges within the fishing industry of Newfoundland and Labrador. The historical significance of the American Plaice in this region underscores the connection between the community’s cultural heritage and maritime resources.
Ecologically, the American Plaice is an important species in the marine ecosystem of Newfoundland and Labrador. As a benthic (bottom-dwelling) species, it plays a crucial role in the food web, impacting the populations of organisms it preys on and those that prey on it. The decline in the American Plaice population, therefore, not only affects the species itself but also has broader implications for the health and balance of marine ecosystems in the region. The recovery and management of American Plaice stocks are vital for maintaining the biodiversity and ecological integrity of Newfoundland and Labrador’s coastal waters.
THREATS
Overfishing and habitat changes, including the construction of barriers like dams, have significantly impacted their numbers. Climate changes and natural conditions might have also played roles.
CURRENT PROTECTIONS
There are moratoria on directed fishing for American Plaice in Newfoundland and Labrador regions due to past overexploitation. Directed fisheries still exist in other areas but with restrictions aimed at recovery and conservation.