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white shark
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Learn / Species at Risk / White Shark
The White Shark, also known as the Great White, is one of the most renowned marine predators, known for its size, strength, and presence in popular culture. Though rare in Newfoundland and Labrador waters, this species draws significant attention whenever spotted due to its notorious reputation and fascinating biology.
Diet
White Sharks are opportunistic predators with a varied diet that includes fish, marine mammals, and even sea birds. They are known to venture into shallow waters in search of seals, which are a significant part of their diet, especially in regions closer to seal colonies.
Population
Recorded sightings of White Sharks in the Atlantic coast of Canada have been sporadic, with around 100 records since 1874, over 40 of which have occurred since 2009. This indicates that while rare, sightings in Canadian waters, particularly off Newfoundland and Labrador, have been increasing in recent years.
Scientific Name
Carcharodon carcharias
Conservation Status
In Canadian Atlantic waters, there are no concrete estimates of the White Shark's population size. However, the species has been listed as Endangered under Canada's Species at Risk Act (SARA) since 2011, reflecting concerns over their numbers and the threats they face. Internationally, the White Shark is considered 'Vulnerable' by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Habitat & Range
White Sharks have been documented across a wide range of oceanic conditions, from sub-Arctic to tropical waters. In the Atlantic Ocean, their distribution extends from Newfoundland down to Florida. The species is typically found in deep offshore waters but is known to venture close to shorelines in pursuit of prey.
Size
White Sharks can grow significantly large, with mature individuals often exceeding 6 meters in length. They are known for their impressive physical capabilities and predatory efficiency.
White Sharks in Newfoundland & Labrador
Though rare visitors, White Sharks contribute to the ecological balance by maintaining the health of marine mammal populations and removing sick and weak individuals from these populations. Culturally, they have captivated the human imagination and play a significant role in marine-related folklore and media, contributing to the marine identity of regions like Newfoundland and Labrador.
The organization OCEARCH has demonstrated the presence of White Sharks in Newfoundland waters by tagging and tracking them. Notable sharks like Helena and Lydia have been tracked near the coast, highlighting the movement of these great predators into northern waters, likely following prey or for mating
THREATS
Significant threats include human activities such as sport fishing, commercial bycatch, and international trade in shark body parts. They are vulnerable to mortality due to their late maturity and low reproduction rates. Other threats include environmental pollutants, particularly organochlorines, which can accumulate in their bodies due to their position as top predators.
CURRENT PROTECTIONS
White Sharks are protected under various international and national regulations. These include CITES listing in Appendix II and protection under U.S. waters since 1997. In Canada, it’s illegal to harm, harass, capture, or trade White Sharks under the provisions of SARA.
White Sharks in Newfoundland and Labrador remain an intriguing subject of marine research and conservation, with ongoing efforts to understand their behavior, ecology, and interactions with human activities. Their presence in the waters off Newfoundland and Labrador, albeit rare, underscores the vast and diverse marine life hosted by the region and highlights the importance of ongoing marine conservation efforts.
further resources
OCEARCH
OCEARCH is a data-centric organization built to help scientists collect previously unattainable data in the ocean.
